【Excerpt】The "Seven-Character Guideline" for Ground Treatment: A Comprehensive Interpretation!

        The purpose of ground treatment is: to enhance the strength of weak foundations and ensure their stability; to reduce the compressibility of weak foundations and minimize settlement; to prevent the liquefaction of foundation soil during earthquakes; and to eliminate the collapsibility, swelling-shrinkage, and frost heave of special soils. There are numerous methods for ground reinforcement, which can be summarized into seven key approaches: "excavation, filling, replacement, compaction, pressing, squeezing, and mixing."

Interpretation of Ground Reinforcement Treatment Methods

Excavation

        The method involves excavating the soft soil layer and embedding the foundation onto bedrock or a hard soil layer with high bearing capacity. When the soft soil layer is not thick, utilizing the hard soil layer as a natural foundation proves to be highly economical.

Filling

        When the soft soil layer is very thick and large-scale ground reinforcement treatment is required, a certain thickness of good soil can be directly backfilled on the soft soil layer to improve the bearing capacity of the foundation and reduce the bearing pressure of the soft soil layer.

Replacement

        Replacement refers to the combination of excavation and filling, where a certain range of weak soil layer beneath the foundation is removed and replaced with an artificially constructed cushion layer as the bearing stratum. This method is suitable for cases where the soft soil layer is relatively thick and only localized ground reinforcement is required.

Compaction

        Using ramming tools or machinery to compact the soil, expel moisture from the soil, accelerate soil consolidation, and improve soil density and bearing capacity.

Pressing

        The foundation soil is compacted and consolidated by rolling with compaction machinery to facilitate drainage and consolidation. Alternatively, the preloading consolidation method can be employed, which involves placing heavy loads on the ground within the foundation area for a period of time to compress and densify the soil, thereby enhancing bearing capacity and reducing settlement. This method is referred to as: preloading—drainage consolidation method.

Squeezing

        A tool-type pile pipe with a shoe is driven into the soil to compact the ground and form a pile hole. After extracting the pile pipe, the hole is filled with granular materials such as sand, gravel, lime, plain soil, or lime-soil mixture, which are then compacted. The principle involves soil densification, drainage consolidation, and enhancing the bearing capacity of the foundation, commonly referred to as "compaction piles." This category includes crushed stone (sand) piles, lime piles, lime-soil piles, CFG piles, etc.

Mixing

        It refers to reinforcing the foundation using the jet grouting method or deep mixing method. The principle involves utilizing high-pressure jet streams to cut through soil, spray grout (such as cement slurry, sodium silicate, acrylamide, etc.), and mix the grout with soil, causing them to combine and solidify into rigid columns or soil walls.

——Source: Architectural Engineering Luban Union

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